Clean up messy text with TRIM

Text that arrives from a form, a database export or a copy-and-paste often carries spaces you cannot see. "Ada Lovelace " and "Ada Lovelace" look identical on screen and are different values to Excel, which is why a VLOOKUP will insist a name is missing while you are looking straight at it.

TRIM removes spaces from both ends and collapses any run of spaces inside down to one. LEN counts characters, spaces included, which makes it the tool for proving the problem exists, a name showing 13 characters when you can count 12 has a passenger.